Baba Farid's 1,000-year-old poetry is traditionally considered to be the oldest literary composition in Punjabi. The language is unique among the Indo-European languages in that it has tones. There are three tones and five percent of the words are tonal. Punjabi is diagraphic (trigraphic if you consider Dogri to be a dialect of Punjabi). The two scripts are Shahmukhi (based on Arabic characters) and Gurmukhi.
Textbooks and Grammars
- An Intensive Course in Punjabi (1985)
- Punjabi Phonetic Reader (1980)
- Let's Learn Punjabi (Online course from Punjabi University in Patiala)
- パンジャービー語研修テキスト 文字と発音 (Script)
- パンジャービー語研修テキスト 文法 (Grammar)
- パンジャービー語研修テキスト 会話 (Phrasebook)
- パンジャービー語研修テキスト 単語集 (Vocabulary)
- ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਕਰਣ (A Grammar of Punjabi) (2017)
- Defence Language Institute
- Грамматика языка панджаби (A Grammar of Punjabi) (1976)
- Язык ленди (The Lahnda Language) (1970)
- Учебник языка панджаби (A Textbook of Punjabi) (1990)
- Teach Yourself Punjabi
Dictionaries
- English-Punjabi and Punjabi-English Dictionary. From Punjabi University in Patiala.
- Punjabi-English Dictionary. From the University of Chicago.
- Панджабско-русский словарь (Punjabi-Russian Dictionary) (2 vols)
Newspapers, TV Channels and Radio
- ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਟ੍ਰਿਬਿਊਨ (Punjabi Tribune). A quality newspaper with a section on books and literature.
- 'ਅਜੀਤ' ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ (Ajit Newspaper). The most read newspaper.
- Jagbani (News of the World). More like a tabloid.
- PTC Punjabi. News and music.
- MH One. Primarily for music and programmes for teens.
- DD Punjabi. Public channel. News, documentaries, and soap operas.
Literature
- Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) Textbooks (For grades 1-12)
- Punjabi Wikisource
- Punjab Digital Library
- Punjabipedia. An encyclopedia edited by experts.
- Laureates of the Punjabi Literature Prize winners
- Dhahan Prize
Media
- Angrej (A Punjabi movie with English, Arabic, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian, and French subtitles)
NOTE 1. I didn't link to the resources whose legal status in the UK was unclear.
NOTE 2. To my surprise, the four-volume Japanese book seems thorough.