Questions about Dutch sentences

[tommus]

The '-lijk' in 'zienlijk', 'baarlijk' and 'gelijkelijk' is the adjectival suffix and hence pronounced [lək].

OK. Thanks very much.

Does that mean that the only Dutch words ending in "lijk" that take the sound of the English "like" for that suffix are lijk, gelijk, vergelijk and aanlijk?

[tommus]

Ze inspelen beter op de vraag van het publiek.
of
Ze beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek.

Are both correct? Which one is better?

[tarvos]

Both are wrong. Inspelen is separable (IN-spelen). Ze spelen beter in...

[tarvos]

" En tijdens het bestuderen van laatstgenoemde ster ontdekten de wetenschappers iets geks."

And during the study of the last-named star, the scientists discovered something weird.

I would have expected "de" in front of "laatstgenoemde ster". The previous sentence had a list of star names and they are referring to the last one.

Source: First paragraph in this Scientias.nl article

It could be there, this sounds a little more formal.

[tarvos]

I have never heard of the word aanlijk. The rest are pronounced with the regular -ij sound, but "lijk" actually means corpse.

[tommus]

Both are wrong. Inspelen is separable (IN-spelen). Ze spelen beter in...

The original sentence was this:
"Het is de bedoeling dat de F100 en de F50 beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek en het bedrijf uit het slop trekken."

Source is anderetijden.nl

Does "dat" join the separable verb?

[Jar-Ptitsa]

The '-lijk' in 'zienlijk', 'baarlijk' and 'gelijkelijk' is the adjectival suffix and hence pronounced [lək].

OK. Thanks very much.

Does that mean that the only Dutch words ending in "lijk" that take the sound of the English "like" for that suffix are lijk, gelijk, vergelijk and aanlijk?

They don't sound like English "like" at all, it's a completely different vowel. It would sound very, very weird to pronounce it as English "like"

It's more similar with English 'A' when you say the letter but more mixed with 'E' as well.

Both are wrong. Inspelen is separable (IN-spelen). Ze spelen beter in...

The original sentence was this:
"Het is de bedoeling dat de F100 en de F50 beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek en het bedrijf uit het slop trekken."

Source is anderetijden.nl

Does "dat" join the separable verb?

no, it doesn't join it, but it sends the verb to the later position in the sentence and there it is not separated. Also with the modals this will happen for example: 'Ze kunnen inspelen' etc.

Ze inspelen beter op de vraag van het publiek.
of
Ze beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek.

Are both correct? Which one is better?

Those are beginner mistakes. Those sentences sound like a person who doesn't speak Dutch at all.

[tarvos]

Both are wrong. Inspelen is separable (IN-spelen). Ze spelen beter in...

The original sentence was this:
"Het is de bedoeling dat de F100 en de F50 beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek en het bedrijf uit het slop trekken."

Source is anderetijden.nl

Does "dat" join the separable verb?

separable verbs are joined in subclauses, and in this case dat (as a relative pronoun) introduces a subclause, so yes.

As for the vowel - the sound in like is the closest English gets to it, but this diphthong starts on a short e sound (the sound of "pet"), not the "a" sound of father.

[Jar-Ptitsa]

Both are wrong. Inspelen is separable (IN-spelen). Ze spelen beter in...

The original sentence was this:
"Het is de bedoeling dat de F100 en de F50 beter inspelen op de vraag van het publiek en het bedrijf uit het slop trekken."

Source is anderetijden.nl

Does "dat" join the separable verb?

separable verbs are joined in subclauses, and in this case dat (as a relative pronoun) introduces a subclause, so yes.

As for the vowel - the sound in like is the closest English gets to it, but this diphthong starts on a short e sound (the sound of "pet"), not the "a" sound of father.

Because it's a subclause, but 'dat' doesn't join the separable verbs, it sends them to later in the sentence, or then all those words would be the separable verb 'joiners' like omdat etc it's because they are like the German subclause words that send the verb to the later position in the sentence as the infinitive. If 'dat' joined the seperable verb only then it wouldn't be so late in the sentence.

But the original infinitive form of the seperable verb is one word, not separated, so 'dat' doesn't 'join' it, but other ones separate it. It's not a verb + preposition that must or can be be joined.

I don't agree about English 'like' = Dutch 'lijk' at all. I didn't mean the 'A' in father, of course not. I mean the 'A' when you say the letter in the alphabet or in 'age', then mixed with E in 'get'.

But I know that I'm not native in Dutch or English, so maybe I hear the Eng 'like' and Dutch 'lijk' differently than a dutch or English native. For me they sound completely different.

[tarvos]

They are different, vogeltje. It's just that the diphthong in English is something like /ai/ and it's more like /ei/ in Dutch. The two vowel sounds you run together are the "a" and "i" in English but an "e" and "i" in Dutch, although in some places it's a little raised, that's right. It's just that in some parts of NL, this sound has shifted closer to English. Not in Belgium, though. Like I said, the "like" sound is the closest you get in English - but it is definitely NOT equivalent.

Dat doesn't join anything. It just indicates a subclause (here), in which case the verbs go together at the end - and the separable verbs are in the full form, not with a loose preposition. In a main clause they would be separated.