Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

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Zhong
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Tue Aug 30, 2022 12:07 am

●(Sätze bilden) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü★▼▸
1.1 *Deep in a forest, there was a tower, where lived a pretty girl.
(Once upon a time,) deep in the forest, there was a tower where a beautiful girl/ fair maiden lived.
- "Pretty" is stylistically too colloquial and modern for your story IMO.
- "Maiden" would also be possible if you want to give the passage a slightly archaic feeling.
- But "maiden" goes better with "fair", not "beautiful".

1.4. "There was the forest, [strike]deep in it a tower, where lived a fair maiden.[/strike]"
There was the forest, deep in it with a tower, where lived a fair maiden.
There was the forest, in which there stood a tower, where lived a fair maiden.

1.5. Deep in the forest, there was a tower, where there lived a fair maiden.
- ‘The forest’ is perfectly safe here: despite the presence of ‘the’, English speakers naturally interpret this as referring to just some forest in general. This is especially true in the genre of fairy tales, where ‘deep in the forest’ is a common formulaic opening.
- The usual word order would of course be ‘where a fair maiden lived’. Postposing the subject as you do feels really archaic, which is generally nice in fairy tales.
- To me it feels a bit better when that subject position contains something, which is why I’ve added ‘there’. However, other people may differ in their tastes.
- Similar reasoning explains why ‘fair maiden’ is preferred over ‘pretty girl’: the former uses more archaic words. The particular phrase ‘fair maiden’ is also very common in fairy tales.
▸1.6 Once upon a time, deep in the forest stood a tower, where there lived a fair maiden.

▸Ich habe eine Frage zu den "dar" und "da" in der Sätzen, die ich heute gelesen habe.
Allgemein zur Frage, ob XXX oder OOO: das hängt natürlich davon ab, was A und B bezeichnen.
Da im englischen Satz von "is" die Rede ist, deutet das eher darauf hin, dass A und B im Singular zu verwenden ist.

Ich bin nicht ganz sicher aber ich denke, dass die Sätze vielleicht noch grammatisch sind, wenn "davon" und "darauf" durch "von" und "auf" ersetzt werden. Denn ich habe im Wörterbuch gesehen, ohne "da(r)" hier,
"- von jmdm abhängen: depend on sb
- auf etw.A hindeuten: indicate sth"
Habe ich Recht? Danke schön.
(Ich vermute, dass das klein Wort "da" (oder "dar") die Sätze natürlicher gemacht hat. Ich muss weiter lernen, wie man das kleine Wort hinzufügt..)
- etw.A (zu etw.) hinzufügen: add | fügte hinzu, hinzugefügt |
-- etw.A fügen: to loint sth | fügte, gefügt |
No, both sentences are not grammatical without da(r).
The prepositions need a noun or pronoun; in the dictionary sentences those pronouns are jemand / etwas. In the sentences above, where the prepositions are introducing clauses, they need the dummy pronoun da(r), as in German, prepositions cannot have clauses directly depending on them.


Based on/ Concerning/ About this sentence I have the same question.
Zu diesem Satz / Über diesen Satz / [u]Bezüglich dieses Satzes / Mit Bezug auf diesen Satz / Basierend auf diesem Satz / Auf Grundlage dieses Satzes[/u] habe ich dieselbe Frage.
- bezüglich +GEN: prep. regarding, concerning
- der Bezug (auf +A.): (with) reference (to) pl.: Bezüge
- basierend (auf): based on
-- auf etw.A basieren: to base on sth. | basierte, basiert |
- die Grundlage: (on) basis (of)

▸(short version) Hierzu dieselbe Frage /Hier dasselbe.
(here the same (question))

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
Neben der Tür zum Hof war ein Wasserhahn. Die Frau drehte den Hahn auf, wusch zuerst meine Hand und klatschte mir dann das Wasser, das sie in ihren hohlen Händen auffing, ins Gesicht. (Vorleser)
- der Hahn: tap pl. -en/ Hähne
- etw. aufdrehen: to untwist
-- c.f. sich.A wenden:
- klatschen: clap
- hohl: hollow
- die Hand; Hände
- etw.A auffangen: to collect
-- jmdn fangen: to capture | fing, gefangen |

Rein stilistisch hätte ich im Zusatz XXX das "und" weggelassen, falsch ist es aber nicht.
(From a purely stylistic point of view, I would have left out the "und" in the addition XXX, but it's not wrong.
- rein: pure, sheer
- etw. weglassen: to omit sth. | ließ weg, weggelassen |
▸Dann hätte er aber vermutlich 'nothing at all' gesagt.
(But then he would supposedly/presumably have said 'nothing at all'.
▸Ein XXX wäre vermutlich eher ein XXX nicht einfach nur ein OOO, oder?
(XXX would probably be more like XXX, not just only OOO, right?
▸Aber diese Betonung ist in dem Kontext unnötig, da es ja nur darum geht, dass der Kranke die Brötchen nicht essen konnte und der Ich-Erzähler sie deshalb wieder mitgenommen hat.
(But this emphasis is unnecessary in the context, since it's [only]/all about that the patient couldn't eat the rolls and the first-person narrator therefore took them away again.
▸Gut, beide Sätze sind selbst konstruiert, also sollte auch der englische Satz nicht als exakte Vorlage genommen werden... vermutlich überanalysiere ich mal wieder.
(Well, both sentences are self-constructed, so the English sentence shouldn't be taken as an exact template either... I'm probably over-analyzing again.
- die Vorlage: model,
▸#8 Die Post war noch nicht da, als ich mit der Post angefangen habe zu tippen. Ich mache das hier nebenbei (mit geteilter Aufmerksamkeit, sozusagen im Multitasking), und bin daher nicht so schnell wie wenn ich das als single-task betreiben würde.
(I'm doing this on the side (with divided attention, so to speak, in multitasking)
- tippen: type
- nebenbei: casually
- geteilter
- die Aufmerksamkeit:
-- aufmerksam: attentive
-- auf etw.A aufmerken: attend to sth
- etw.A betreiben: run sth
Last edited by Zhong on Wed Aug 31, 2022 12:02 pm, edited 4 times in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Wed Aug 31, 2022 3:12 am

●(Sätze bilden) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü★▼▸
▸Ich werde zum Satz ein bisschen verwirrt. Meint es so?
(Does it mean this?)
▸Die Rede ist im englischen Satz von* "is".
GT: The speech is about "is" in the English sentence.
- die Rede: speech
▸Der Direktor hielt zum Ende des Schuljahres eine Rede.
(The principal gave a speech at the [school year's]/term's end.

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
(Above the forest was a cloud; deep in it was a tower. ->)
▸1.6. Above the forest was a cloud; deep in it, a tower.
- avoid repetition.
- Grammatical but nearly incomprehensible to me, and quite formal in any case.

▸1.4.1 *There was a forest, deep in it standing a tower, where lived a fair maiden.
- Ungrammatical. A present participle cannot be used in a independent finite clause in a past tense. You need to use it in some sort of subordinate clause, like the adverbial phrase.
▸->1.4.2There was a forest, with a tower standing deep in it, where lived a fair maiden.
Similarly,
▸1.4.3 *The kids playing on their computers, we were able to enjoy some time alone.
▸->1.4.4 With the kids playing on their computers, we were able to enjoy some time alone.

▸2.1 The kids playing on their computers, we are able to enjoy some time alone.
- A poor style. Easier to understand if one signposts the nominative absolute with the preposition 'with' as suggested in 1.4.4.
- R.W.: Not as popular as it used to be.
- Z: You can have a sub-clause with a present participle and no preposition, if you leave out the subject. But then it must refer to the subject of the main clause:
▸2.1.1 Playing on their computers, the kids won't bother us so much.
▸2.1.2With the kids playing on their computers, we are able to enjoy some time alone.
▸2.1.3As the kids are playing on their computers, we are able to enjoy some time alone.

- M.T.: ...Only natural if we use the passive participle, but if I twist my brain around, I can parse them in a grammatical way. It's even easier when the verb is a copula繫動詞:
▸2.1.3 "The dentist being distracted, we stole his pointy tools and ran."
▸2.1.4 "Tim Scott being on the center right, the people of South Carolina seek an alternative."
- These are all sentences I would discourage students from using in writing, but they're not wrong exactly.

▸2.2 Walking along the street, Tom bit / bites his apple happily.
- grammatical for a dependent clause no matter in a present or in a past tense sentence.
- Z: Present participle and past participle have nothing to do with tense. The difference is active vs. passive.

Nominative absolute
▸The truck finally loaded, they said goodbye to their neighbors and drove off.
▸The battle over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.
▸We sit side by side, our legs touching, comfortable in the warm silence our two bodies create.
▸Spring advancing, the swallows arrived.
- Z: Note that none of them have two arguments; also note that most of them use a past participle, which is more forgiving. I would consider "Spring advancing, the swallows arrived" ungrammatical.

c.f. Sentences with Clauses or Adverbial Prepositional Phrases
▸Because the dragon was slain, the knight took his rest.
▸When the battle was over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.
▸After the truck was finally loaded, they said goodbye to their neighbors and drove off.
▸With our legs touching, we sit side by side, comfortable in the warm silence our two bodies create.
▸When Spring was advancing, the swallows arrived.

▸Wie wäre es mit dem Satz?
(How about the sentence?)
▸Der Turm, in dem ein Mädchen lebte, war hoch.
▸Der Turm - darin lebte ein Mädchen - war hoch. (parenthesis because verb 2nd.)
- "There is also an archaic way to form relative clauses with da(r)-, with corresponding word order in the relative clause:
-▸Der Turm, darin ein Mädchen wohnte* lebte, war hoch.
This is so archaic that you cannot use it in normal spoken or written German, but it would fit for a fairy tale.
*Although in that case, I would use "lebte" instead of the more mundane / prosaic wohnte."
▸Der Turm - darin lebte ein Mädchen, das jung und schön war, aber nicht sprechen könnte - war hoch. (adding a RC)
- "The parenthesis is now very long while the clause in which it is embedded is very short - this is awkward, hard to follow, and bad style."

▸ Außerdem was ist der Unterschied zwischen
Es war einmal ein Wald, in dem ein Turm stand, darin wohnte ein Mädchen.
und
Es war einmal ein Wald, darin stand ein Turm, in dem wohnte ein Mädchen.
▸Ich denke, dass sie beide grammatisch sind?
- Yes, both are grammatical. The difference is purely in the clause structure.
- You could also put full stops before the main clauses:
Es war einmal ein Wald, in dem ein Turm stand. Darin wohnte ein Mädchen.
Es war einmal ein Wald. Darin stand ein Turm, in dem wohnte ein Mädchen.

▸Ich mochte wollte XXX sagen.
(I wanted to say XXX.)
▸Wir müssen an der Ecke rechts/links abbiegen.
(We have to turn right/left at the corner.
- abbiegen: | bog ab, abgebogen |

●(Sentences Reading)▸
Last edited by Zhong on Thu Sep 01, 2022 2:02 am, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Thu Sep 01, 2022 1:43 am

●(Sätze bilden) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü★▼▸
▸The dragon slain, the knight took his rest.
- slay: to kill in a violent way: ; slew | slain
- Natural. "The dragon slain" is a nominative absolute.
- In a nominative absolute a passive tone is usu. more natural than an active tone.
- It's usu. with only one argument.
- An active tone in a nominative absolute might be grammatical but still a poor style and is discouraged. e.x.
"The dentist being distracted, we stole his pointy tools and ran."
Two ways to modify it.
-> (Prep Phrase) With the doctor being distracted, we..., or
-> (sub-clause) As the doctor was distracted, we...
or the third way, using the same subject,
Being distracted, The doctor didn't notice that we...

▸The princess being imprisoned, all the princes went to save her.
- However , in this particular sentence the active voice "being imprisoned "is more natural than the passive voice "imprisoned". (Possibly because the imprisonment is still ongoing.)
->Being imprisoned, the princess was expecting that all the princes to came...
- "Expect" normally takes an infinitive complement.

- Present Participles and Past Participles are unrelated to the aspect distinction. In general they are related only to being active or passive.
-- aspect: the form of a verb that shows how the meaning of that verb is considered in relation to time
- And in absolute constructions the present participle generally implies simultaneity, whereas the past participle often indicates a completed action:
The kettle boiling, we started to pack.
- implies we started to pack while the kettle was boiling
Our bags packed, we got in the car.
- implies we got in the car after finishing packing our bags
- also implies that the bags hadn't subsequently been unpacked.

▸*The princess being imprisoned by a dragon on her trip a week before, all the princes went to save her.
- R.W.: I think a lack of brevity (i.e. using only a few words) is a problem with nominative absolutes. Thus this is not a good sentence. However, it is improved by using a perfect passive:
The princess [color=#0000FF]having been imprisoned by a dragon on her trip a week before, all the princes went to save her.[/color]
Perhaps its because I expect the simple participle to refer to the time of the main verb, which it doesn't here, whereas a (synthetic) perfect participle, very strangely, seems to apply to past time.

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
von etw.D abhängen
¶ Das Datum für das Picknick hängt von der Wettervorhersage ab.
(The date for the picnic is dependent on the weather forecast.
¶ Der Erfolg des Unternehmens hängt von den Mitarbeitern ab.
(The company's [u]success[/u] hinges on the staff.
- die Mitarbeiter: pl. staff

außerdem
▸ Der neue Roboter kann lesen, und außerdem kann er sprechen.
(The new robot can read, and furthermore, it can speak.
▸Aber er musste sich übergeben und konnte [gar] nichts essen, außerdem lebte er allein.
▸Ich sehe es ein bisschen wie Thomas. Außerdem halte/finde ich die Sätze zu schwer für Dich.
- halten: to hold
▸Außerdem habe ich diesen Monat auch einige Bücher gelesen.

außer: (conj.) except ; (prep.) except for, besides
▸Ich singe den ganzen Tag, außer wenn ich schlafe. (Conjunction)
- singen | sang, gesungen |
▸Wir gehen morgen in den Park, außer wenn es regnet. (Conjunction)
▸Außer dass ich nach Spanien gefahren habe, habe ich auch noch ein paar Bücher gelesen. (Conj.)
▸Außer mir wollte niemand ein Eis. (Prep)
▸Außer Kuchen zu backen, habe ich ein paar Bücher gelesen. (Prep.)
Last edited by Zhong on Fri Sep 02, 2022 7:09 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Fri Sep 02, 2022 6:39 am

●(Sätze bilden) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü★▼▸
▸Die Rede ist von Sprachen.
▸Ob ich Deutsch lernen will oder nicht, hängt von deiner Hilfe ab.
-von etw.D abhängen: depend on sth.
▸Ist meine Wortstellung schlechter? Weniger natürlich?


●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
- auf etw.A hindeuten: to indicate
▸Das hindeutet darauf (nicht), dass…
▸Deutet das darauf hin, dass…?
▸Da..., deutet das eher darauf hin, dass ...

deuten: to point, interpret/ construe
▸Das Kind deutete auf das Spielzeug, das es haben wollte.
(The child pointed at the toy he wanted.
▸Ich deutete sein Nicken als ein Zeichen der Zustimmung.
- das Nicken: nod; no pl.
- das Zeichen: sign; -
- jdm. zustimmen: approve | stimmte zu, zugestimmt |
-- (für/gegen etw.A) stimmen: to vote
nicken: to nod
▸Er gab seine Zustimmung, indem er nickte.

indem: [in-which] conj. as, by
▸Ich schütze meine Augen, indem ich eine Sonnenbrille trage.
I protect my eyes by wearing sunglasses.
- jmdn. (vor jmdm.) schützen: protect
- die Sonne / -- der Mond; -e / -- der Stern; -e
- die Brille: eyeglasses

etw.A bedeuten: mean
▸"bring" (Englisch) und "bringen" (Deutsch) bedeuten meist nicht das Gleiche.
Großzügig zu sein bedeutet, mit anderen teilen zu können.
(Being generous means being able to share with others.
- zügig: quick, swift (reply, implementation)

●(Sentences Reading)
▸Any changes to the plan would be construed as indecision.
▸A moment's indecision when you've got the ball and you could lose the game.
- construe: to understand the meaning, especially of other people's actions and statements, in a particular way
- indecision: the state of being unable to make a choice

▸Und für die Frage nach "eat nothing" oder "eat nothing at all" ist es doch völlig unerheblich, was cinnamon rolls wirklich sind, oder siehst Du das anders?
- unerheblich: irrelevant
-- erheblich: remarkable, relevant
-- sich.A erheben: to rise
--etw.A heben: to lift sth | hob, gehoben |
- anders: differently, else
▸Da hätte der Ich-Erzähler auch Hühnersuppe mitbringen können, die der Kranke wieder auskotzt.
- Hühner...: chicken sth
-- das Huhn: hen
-- auskotzen: [coll.] throw up, puke(=vomit.SLANG)
- kotzen: vomit
▸Er hat zu viel getrunken und musste kotzen.
- trinken | trank, getrunken |

▸Natürlich ist es wurscht, was er "auskotzt", wie du dich beliebst auszudrücken. Aber hättest du #1 gelesen, wüsstest du, was "cinnamon rolls" sind. Schau mal hier:
(... as you like to put it.)
- Das ist mir wurscht: It's all the same to me.
- belieben: choose | beliebte, beliebt |

können -> könnte .KONJ;
▸Ich konnte Kuchen mitbringen.
(I was able to bring a cake.)
▸Ich könnte einen Kuchen mitbringen.
(I could bring a cake.
▸Ich hätte einen Kuchen mitbringen können.
(I could have brought a cake.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Sat Sep 03, 2022 1:20 am

●(Sätze bilden) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü★▼▸
▸Das deutsche Verb "entsprechen" entspricht dem englischen Ausdruck "correspond to". Dieser enthält "to", was erklärt, warum das Objekt des deutschen Verbs ein Dativ ist.
- der Ausdruck: expression; Ausdrücke
-- ausdrücken: to express sth
- enthalten: to contain sth | enthielt, enthalten |
-- etw. halten: hold sth
- der Dativ; -e
- das Verb; -en [! .N: (umlaut) +er]

▸Ich habe im englischen Wörterbuch nachgeschlagen und beide Sätze gelesen.
etw.A nachschlagen: look sth up | schlug nach, nachgeschlagen |
-- jmdm. nachschlagen: take after sb.

▸Die Arme eines Mensch entsprechen den Flügeln eines Vogel.
(The arms of a man correspond to the wings of a bird.
- der Arm; -e
der Mensch: human being; -en
der Flügel
- der Vogel; Vögel

▸Ihre weiße Schuhe passen zu ihrem weißen Kleid.
(Her white shoes correspond to her white dress.
- der Schuh; -e
- (zu etw.D) passen: to match (sth)

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
Ich trocknete mein Gesicht mit dem Taschentuch. (Vorleser)
- trocknen: | trocknete, getrocknet |
-- trocken: adj
das Gesicht: face; -er
- die Tasche: bag, pocket; -n
- das Tuch: cloth, scarf; pl. Tücher
»Nimm den anderen [Eimer].!« Neben dem Wasserhahn standen zwei Eimer, sie griff einen und füllte ihn. (Vorleser)
- neben + .A/.D
- der Hahn: tap pl. -en/ Hähne
- der Eimer: bucket; -
- greifen: grab | griff, gegriffen |
- füllen: fill

▸Die Reihenfolge der Sätze ist seltsam. Umgekehrt wäre es besser zu verstehen:
Neben dem Wasserhahn standen zwei Eimer, sie griff einen und füllte ihn. »Nimm den anderen!«
(Conversely, it would be...
- die Reihenfolge: order
-- reihen: arrange
-- die Folge: order, sequence
- seltsam: strange, odd
- etw.A umkehren: to invert sth | kehrte um, umgekehrt |

Bei literarischem Stil, wie hier, finde ich es in Ordnung. Man weiß zwar erst mal nicht, worauf sich „den anderen“ bezieht, dann liest man aber den nächsten Satz und hat schon die Erklärung. Die Reihenfolge spiegelt vielleicht die Sicht des Erzählers wider: Zuerst hört er den Ausruf, dann sieht er die Eimer.
(With a literary style.M like this,...indeed at first..., the [sight]/viewpoint.F of the narrator.M:
- sich.A auf jmdn beziehen: refer to sb. | bezog, bezogen |
- etw.A (wider)spiegeln:[against-morror] to reflect sth.
- der Ausruf: a sudden shout, exclamation
worauf: [auf was] whereupon (;immediately after which)
▸Worauf bezieht es sich?
(What does it refer to?
▸Worauf will er hinaus?
(What's he driving at?
Ich weiß nicht, worauf Sie hinauswollen.
(I don't see [what you are driving at]/ your point.
- auf etw.A hinauswollen: to drive at sth (to try to explain or say something).
▸Verstehen Sie, worauf es ankommt?
(Do you see [what it depends on]/ the point?)
- auf jmdn. ankommen:depend on sth

▸Wie wäre es mit dem Satz?
([What would it be with the sentence]/ How about the stce?)

▸"Die beide Sätze" passt nur, wenn an der Stelle im Wörterbuch nur zwei Sätze.

die Stelle: position, point,
▸Mein Name stand an dritter Stelle auf der Rangliste.
(My name was in third place in the ranking.
▸Von dieser Stelle aus hat man eine tolle Sicht.
(There is a great view from this point.
- von X aus: a circumposition (combined pre- and postposition),
- toll: great
- die Sicht: sight, view
▸Ihre Bewerbung für diese Stelle war erfolgreich.
(Your application for this position has been successful.

schlagen: strike, hit, knock
▸Der Läufer hat seine Konkurrenten mühelos geschlagen.
(The runner easily beat his opponents.
- der Konkurrent: competitor; -en
- mühelos: effortless
-- die Mühe: effort
▸Der Junge versprach, seinen Bruder nie mehr zu schlagen.
(The boy promised never to hit his brother again.

nachschlagen
▸Ich muss oft die Bedeutung unbekannter Wörter nachschlagen.
(I often have to look up the meaning of unfamiliar words.D.
- unbekannt: unknown

bekennen: to admit sth | bekannte, bekannt |
▸Ich bekannte meinen Glauben vor dem Priester.
(I professed my faith in front of the priest.M.

wüten: to rage
▸Der Sturm wütete die ganze Nacht hindurch.
(The storm raged all night long.
▸Ich war böse und Wut blitzte in meinen Augen auf.
(I was mad and anger.F flashed in my eyes.
- aufblitzen: flash up

jmdn wütend machen: make sb angry
▸Taktlose Fragen machen mich wütend.
(Tactless* questions make me mad.

ausdrücken: to express sth
▸Der Sprecher vermag seine Gedanken gut auszudrücken.
(The speaker knows how to word his thoughts.
- etw.A vermögen: be capable of sth | vermochte, vermocht |

etw.A richten: make, point
c.f. richtig, Richtung
▸die Betten [für die Gäste] richten.
- das Bett; -en
- der Gast; Gäste
▸Ich habe euch das Frühstück gerichtet.
▸Er hat seine Sachen für die Reise gerichtet.
- die Sachen: pl. things; no sg
▸Die Bürger richteten einen Appell an ihre Regierung.
(The citizens made an appeal* to their government.F.
- der Bürger; -
▸Ich richtete die Kamera auf meinen Freund und machte das Foto.

herrichten: prepare (bed, breakfast, etc.)
▸Der Januar war warm, und meine Mutter richtete mir das Bett auf dem Balkon [her].

berichten: tell
▸Ich habe Ihnen die Zeit berichtet, wenn Ich Morgen früh Sie brauche, mich aufzuwachen.
(I’ve told you the time when I need you to wake me up tomorrow morning.
- jmdm. etw.ACC berichten

etw.A (zu etw.) (hin)zufügen: add
▸jdm. Verletzung zufügen. (to hurt sb.)
▸Lassen Sie mich noch einen letzten Gedanken hinzufügen (und dann höre ich schon auf).
(Let me [add]/make one final [thought]/point ([and then]/before I stop).
- der Gedanke: thought; -n
- aufhören: to stop, finish

etw.A fügen: to joint
sich.A fügen: to comply/follow | fügte, gefügt |
▸Jeder Teilnehmer muss sich den Regeln fügen.
(Every participant must comply with the rules.
- der Teilnehmer:[part-slave] ; -

▸Das erinnert mich an "Addam's Family" (einer der Filme, ich glaube der, wo Tom heiraten sollte), wo die Stripperin aus dem Kuchen springen soll, und Gomez fragt, ob sie schon vor dem Backen in den Kuchen gesetzt wurde.
- der Filme; -
- springen
- das Backen: baking

●(Sentences Reading)▸
▸It was tactless of you to invite his ex-girlfriend.
-tactless: not careful about saying or doing something that could upset someone:
▸They're launching an appeal to raise money for famine victims.
-appeal: a request to the public for money, information, or help
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Sun Sep 04, 2022 4:08 am

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
etw. halten: hold sth | hielt, gehalten |
▸Ich sehe es ein bisschen wie Thomas. Außerdem halte/finde ich die Sätze zu schwer für Dich.
...ich versuchte aber, meinen Ärger zu halten/unterdrücken.
▸Meine Schwester meint, diese Show wird sich nicht lange halten.
▸Ich hielt die Hand meines Sohnes, um die Straße zu überqueren.
- pl. Hände; Söhne
Ich hielt das Küken vorsichtig in beiden Händen.
(I held the chick carefully in both hands.
- das Küken; -
▸Das gute Wetter wird halten; ich sehe keine Wolken.[/b]
- die Wolke
▸Er hielt an der roten Ampel.[/b]
- die Ampel; -n

queren: to traverse sth
▸Der Segler überquerte den Ozean ganz allein.[/b]
(The sailor traversed the ocean all by himself.
- überqueren: to cross, traverse sth
- der Ozean; -e

die Querstraße: crossroad pl. -n
▸Biegen Sie an der nächsten Querstraße links ab und sehen das Postamt auf der linken Seite.[/b]
- rechts/links abbiegen: [ab-bend] turn right/left; | bog ab, abgebogen |
die Querstraße: crossroad pl. -n
das Postamt; Postämter

enthalten: to contain sth | enthielt, enthalten |
▸Milch enthält viel Calcium.
▸Das Paket enthält alle notwendigen Komponenten.
(The package comprises all necessary components.
- die Komponente
- notwendig: [Not (“need”) +‎ wendig (“maneuverable, agile”), originally “necessary to avert the distress”] necessary

●(Sentences Reading)▸
▸Stanley traversed the continent from west to east.[/b]
▸Moving sidewalks traverse the airport.[/b]
- traverse /trəˈ vɝːs/: to move or travel through an area:
- sidewalk [US]/ pavement[UK]
▸Monkeys are very agile climbers.
agile: able to move your body quickly and easily

▸The new missile is faster and more manoeuvrable than previous models.
maneuverable [US]/manoeuvrable [UK]: easy to move and direct:
missile: a flying weapon that has its own engine; 導彈
Last edited by Zhong on Tue Sep 13, 2022 3:07 am, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Mon Sep 05, 2022 5:51 am

●(Sätze lesen) ÄÖÜß „ “ äöü▸
Postpositions

- halber+ GEN.: for the sake of, because of
▸Ich bin der Liebe halber nach Berlin gezogen.
(I moved to Berlin because, you know, love”
- (etw.A) ziehen: to draw, move | zog, gezogen |

- zu (+ dative): “nearing the time of”:
▸ dem Abend zu.
(“as evening drew near”

Mostly as postposition, but also as preposition:

zufolge (+ dative): “according to”
▸dem Bericht zufolge. (according to the report.
(Use as preposition sounds very old-fashioned, like Goethe

- nach (+ dative): according to
▸dem Bericht nach. (“according to the report”;
▸meiner Meinung nach, (‘in my opinion’
(Use as preposition is fairly unusual.

- über (+ accusative): “during, throughout”
▸den Tag über (“throughout the day”

- zuliebe (+ dative): “for the sake of, in order to please”:
▸meinem Vater zuliebe (“to appease my father”;
(prepositional use sounds rather unusual here

- einbegriffen (+ accusative) “including”:
▸Ich zahle seine Rechnung, die Getränke einbegriffen “I’m paying his bill / his check, including the drinks”;
(this would be very unusual as a preposition.

Equally frequent as postposition and preposition:

-ausgenommen (+ accusative) “except”:
▸Ich zahle seine Rechnung, die Getränke ausgenommen
“I’m paying his bill, except the drinks”;
(oddly, this is equally likely to be used as pre- or postposition

- gemäß (+ dative) “in accordance with”:
▸ihrem Rang gemäß or gemäß ihrem Rang
(“in accordance with her rank”; in this meaning, both usages are equally likely

- entsprechend (+ dative) “in accordance with”:
▸ihrem Rang entsprechend or entsprechend ihrem Rang
(“in accordance with her rank”;
(both usages equally likely

- betreffend (+ accusative) “concerning, as for”
▸unseren Antrag betreffend
(“concerning our petition”;
(prepositional use is rarer and sounds more bureaucratic

- entgegen (+ dative) “in contrast to” (preposition), but “toward” (postposition):
▸entgegen deiner Meinung (“in contrast to your opinion”
▸dem Sturm entgegen (“toward the storm”

- gegenüber (+ dative) “opposite, with respect to”:
▸dem Haus gegenüber / gegenüber dem Haus
(“across from the house”,
▸meiner Schwester gegenüber / gegenüber meiner Schwester
(“with respect to my sister”
▸Gegenüber meiner Schwester würde ich mich nicht so verhalten
(“I wouldn’t behave like that when talking to my sister”)
- (only with an implied slightly adversarial meaning.

More likely to be used as prepositions rather than postpositions:

- wegen (+ genitive) “because of”:
▸wegen der Pandemie or der Pandemie wegen
(“because of the pandemic”

- eingedenk (+ genitive) “in remembrance of”, “not losing sight of”:
▸eingedenk seiner Eltern “in [pious] remembrance of his parents”,
▸der Gefahren eingedenk “not losing sight of the dangers”

- entlang (+ genitive or dative when used prepositionally, + accusative when used postpositionally):
▸entlang des Weges / dem Weg
▸den Weg entlang”
(“along the way”,
- There seems to be a slight difference in meaning in that entlang des Weges is used more often for circumstantial facts:
▸Entlang des Weges zum Friedhof welken die Blumen
(“Along the way to the graveyard the flowers are wilting”
while den Weg entlang is used as a complement of a verb of motion:
▸Ich stolperte den Weg zum Friedhof entlang
(“I stumbled my way toward the graveyard.”

- ungeachtet (+ genitive) “despite, notwithstanding”:
▸ungeachtet der Abrede
(“despite the agreement”.
- ungeachtet der Abrede (where "ungeachtet" is highfalutin, and “Abrede” is highfalutin’ as well) would be expressed in plain speech by something like
▸ohne auf die Vereinbarung Rücksicht zu nehmen.
(without considering the agreement”.
- Postpositive use of "ungeachtet" is rare (and sounds archaic and stilted) except in the formula
▸dessen ungeachtet
(“despite that, regardless”.

- bar (+ genitive) “without, bare of”:
▸bar jeder Hoffnung / jeder Hoffnung bar “without the slightest hope”;
- "bar" belongs to a high, archaizing style; the normal preposition is ohne (+ accusative);
- postpositional use is stilted and archaic. Fun fact: there is variety/cabaret theater in Berlin called Bar jeder Hoffnung, with a pun on Bar “bar”; this would translate to “Bar of every hope”.

Circumpositions:
- The circumpositions are fairly normal and unmarked in every day speech; some (not all) of the postpositions are a bit highfalutin’, though, and phrases containing them would be replaced by phrases with simple prepositions or other constructions in normal speech.

- um … willen (+ genitive) “for the sake of”:
▸um des lieben Friedens willen [idiom]
(“for the sake of peace, so I can have my quiet”
von … an (+ dative) “since [a point in time]”: von jenem Abend an “ever since that evening”

- von … ab (+ dative): “starting from, since”:
▸Von der Marke da drüben ab versucht ihr, sie zu überholen
(“When you pass that mark over there you try to overtake them”

- von … aus (+ dative) “starting from [place]” or, oddly, “with unenthusiastic consent of”:
▸Von Gelsenkirchen aus kommt man leicht nach Bochum.
(“It’s easy to get to Bochum starting from Gelsenkirchen”;
▸Von mir aus!
(“By all means, I don’t care.”

- von … wegen (+ dative): mainly used in some idioms in officialese:
▸von Amts wegen
(“ex officio, by virtue of a government authority’s purview”

- auf … zu (+ accusative) “toward”:
▸auf das fremde Schiff zu
(“toward the alien ship”

- auf … hin (+ accusative) “at” in the sense of an expected signal or occurrence:
▸Auf das Signal der Hörner hin stürmten die Legionen den Wall
(“At the horn signal / When the horns were sounded, the legions stormed the wall.”

▸Ich kenne es bei Texten beim Sprechen vor allem in der Redensart "immer seinen Senf dazugeben."
(I know it in texts when speaking especially in the saying "always add your two cents."
- sie Redensart: saying
- etw.A dazugeben: to add sth.
- seinen Senf dazugeben: add your two cents (a fixed, pejorative phrase)
-- der Senf: mustard芥末; -e

▸Das ist eine feste Wendung und bedeutet: "immer und zu jedem Thema ungefragt etwas sagen."
- fast: fixed
- Wendung:expression
- das Thema: theme, topic pl. Themen
"Always say something about any topic without being asked.

▸Im Kontext unseres Satzes ist es nicht pejorativ, aber eher gehobene oder poetische Sprache, würde also passen.
- pejorativ: pejorative;(expressing disapproval, or suggesting that something is not good or is of no importance)
gehoben: [style] raised

▸Zur Typografie: Die Anführungszeichen sind korrekt und werden in Deutsch auch verwendet. Normalerweise wird aber in Standardtexten die andere Form verwendet:
(About the typography: the quotation marks are...in standard texts)

▸Ich weiß nicht genau, woher wir kommen. Wahrscheinlich lag der Ursprung der Menschheit in Afrika.
(I don't know exactly where we come from. Mankind probably originated in Africa.
- liegen: lie | lag, gelegen |
- der Ursprung: origin pl. Ursprünge
- die Menschheit: mankind

●(Sentences Reading)▸
typography: the design of the writing in a piece of printing or on a computer screen
Last edited by Zhong on Wed Sep 07, 2022 1:59 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Tue Sep 06, 2022 1:18 pm

●(English Writing Exercise)

The young father arrived at the convenience store almost at the same time as me. On his scooter he was carrying his two sons, both still pre-schoolers*1 pre-schoolers in age. As soon as the scooter stopped at the veranda, the elder*2 older child, who had been standing on the footrest platform, jumped off the vehicle joyfully and dashed toward the entrance of the store, leaving behind his younger brother, who was still sitting on the backseat*3 back seat holding his father's waist.

"Wait!", said the father toward his striding son*4, 5 the father said.

- pre-school: an institute.
- pre-school aged: at the age of pre-school
- veranda/ porch: a roofed platform along the outside of a house, level with the ground floor.

1. ‘Pre-school’ sounds oddly specific; 'pre-schoolers in age' explicitly connects their status as pre-schoolers to the relevance of that fact for the current situation.)

2. ‘Elder’ is always used with reference to very old people (a.k.a. ‘the elderly’), not very young people. For the latter, you need to use the comparatives ‘older’ and ‘oldest’.

3. ‘Backseat’ can only be an adjective.

4. ‘Said the father to his son’ uses subject-verb inversion, which sounds quite archaic (which I think I may have mentioned earlier). ‘X said towards Y’ sounds very unusual to me, and would only be possible when X physically turned and obviously talked straight in the direction of Y; almost always, you would want to use ‘X said to Y’ instead.

5. ‘Striding’ sounds very odd here; my best guess as to why is that the present participle tends to indicate a state when used as an adjective, whereas here you’re using it for an action. I can’t think of a good replacement word, but I suspect you don’t need to specify the son at all, since it’s obvious from context. (Indeed, I suspect you might be able to leave that whole prepositional phrase out: “Wait!”, the father said.)
Last edited by Zhong on Wed Sep 07, 2022 2:28 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Wed Sep 07, 2022 1:59 am

Holes / Lake 26
smash: zerschlagen, einschlagen | schlug ein, eingeschlagen |
▸The burglar smashed a window to get into the house.
(Der Einbrecher schlug ein Fenster ein, um ins Haus zu gelangen.

outlaw: (especially in the past) a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape legal punishment
: to make something illegal or unacceptable
▸The new law will outlaw smoking in public places.

wade: waten
▸There was no bridge so we waded through the water.
(Es gab keine Brücke, deshalb wateten wir durch das Wasser.

rip: reißen | riss, gerissen |
▸He ripped the paper into small pieces.
(Er riss das Papier in kleine Stücke.

hitch: a temporary difficulty/problem that causes a short delay
▸The ceremony went off without a hitch.
: to fasten something to another thing by tying it with a rope or using a metal hook
▸The horses were hitched to a shiny, black carriage.

cart: a vehicle with either two or four wheels, pulled by a horse and used for carrying goods
▸It took two horses to pull the cart.
(Zwei Pferde waren nötig, um den Karren zu ziehen.
: supermarket carts
I filled the cart with groceries for the weekend.
(Ich füllte den Einkaufswagen mit Lebensmitteln für das Wochenende.

jerk, jolt: rucken
▸The car made a strange noise and then jerked to a halt.
▸Die Kutsche ruckte vorwärts, als die Pferde antrabten.
(The carriage jolted forward when the horses started to trot.

wriggle: sich.A schlängeln
▸She wriggled through the crowd to the front.
(Sie schlängelte sich durch die Menge nach vorne.

slap: schlagen
▸She slapped his face.
▸She slapped him across the face.

drawl: a slow way of speaking
gedehnt sprechen [dehnen: stretch]

mob: a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent
der Mob
▸The angry mob outside the jail was/were ready to riot騷亂.

sheriff: a county official
Last edited by Zhong on Fri Dec 02, 2022 12:18 pm, edited 5 times in total.
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Re: Daily Sentences-reading or making: Ger-Eng

Postby Zhong » Thu Sep 08, 2022 3:52 am

●(Sentences Writing)
1▸The entrance of this convenience store has*1 two sets of doors[highlight=yellow].

2▸ The space had a terminology*2: a windbreak room*4.[/strike]
2.1▸...the term for the adjoining small space outside the automatic door is: a windbreak room., or more naturally,
2.2▸...the small space between the two sets of automatic doors is called a windbreak room*4.*3
2.3 ▸...the enclosure on the front of the store is called...
2.4▸The small space between them, according to the internet, is called a windbreak room.

3▸With By adding two manual side doors, the design [can keep]/keeps the store cleaner by preventing dust and insects from entering.
3.1▸ Flanked by two manual doors, the enclosure turns the route and keeps the store cleaner...

4▸Besides, it also save energy by reducing the cooled air*5 cool air leaking out/that escapes.
4.1▸...by reducing air leakage.
4.2▸...by reducing the amount of heated or cooled air*6 that escapes*7.

Comments:
*1 Typically, you would use present tense throughout in a paragraph like this, not past tense. The only time you would normally use past tense is if you were describing, say, an architectural feature that is completely obsolete.
*2 "Terminology" is normally a collective noun, meaning the set of terms for a particular subject taken as a whole. It can't be used to refer to one particular piece of terminology.
*3 Using things like "the term for [x] is" is, generally speaking, far less-natural and idiomatic than "[x] is called";
*4 The punctuation used in the above would normally be "this is called a 'windbreak room'", and not "this is called 'a windbreak room'", unless the "a" is a part of a proper name.
*5. We no longer generally talk about "cooled air".
*6. I would still use "cooled air" in some very technical contexts, but "cool air" does sound better here to me, too; if you do use it (which in this context does feel all right to me), I would, as noted, specify both "heated or cooled";
*7. This is a minor quibble, but "leaking out" sounds to me like something escaping a pipe or duct, or from the sealed system of a refrigerator.

●(Sentences Reading)▸
vestibule: a small room just inside the outer door of a public building where you can leave your coat, etc; a small closed area on the front of a house

▸There's no point quibbling about/over a couple of dollars.
▸My only quibble is that the color isn't very nice.
quibble: to argue about, or say you disapprove of, something that is not important:

▸Most office buildings have dozens of air ducts and vents.
▸People with blocked tear ducts cannot cry.
duct: a tube or pipe that carries liquid or air, especially in and out of buildings or through the body
▸If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent.
vent: a small opening that allows air, smoke, or gas to enter or leave a closed space

▸The red barn is flanked by grain silos.
▸A small group of houses clings to the eastern flank of the mountain.
▸The president was flanked by senior advisors.
flank: the area of the body between the ribs and the hips of an animal or a person; the side of sth
; to be at the side of someone or something:
silo: a large, round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle

▸We got so wet that our clothes clung to us.
cling: to stick onto or hold something or someone tightly, or to refuse to stop holding it, him, or her; | clung, clung |
Last edited by Zhong on Tue Sep 13, 2022 3:33 am, edited 5 times in total.
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